Though radar is already commonly used in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) today, most systems only use a single forward-facing type to detect vehicles ahead. Fisker will advance this technology with a state-of-the-art ADAS platform called the Fisker Intelligent Pilot. This integrates 4 types of sensors: an industry-leading surround-view camera suite; a camera-based driver-monitoring system, ultrasonic technology, and a Digital-Imaging Radar System that Fisker expects will be first to market when the fully electric Ocean SUV begins production in November 2022.
While complete details have not been revealed, it is known that the ADAS features and a suite of software packages powered by a scalable domain controller architecture are developed together with Magna, a global supplier.
The cameras provide latest-generation vision capability, with a front-facing 8-megapixel camera delivering the highest resolution currently available in a vehicle. The 360-degree camera system enables base-level object detection from proven technology used on tens of millions of vehicles globally.
Fisker’s industry-first Digital Code Modulation-based radar system uses 5 units positioned around the Ocean body to confirm and enhance what the cameras see. The system has performance superior to analog radar systems as it provides an additional degree of perception in conditions of bad weather and excessive sun glare which can obscure the imagery.
The system can also better distinguish its surroundings in environments of high light-dark contrast, such as in tunnels and on bridges, and differentiate objects of varying sizes and speeds on highways, such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles. Additionally, Fisker the radar can separate objects from backgrounds and detect low-lying roadway obstructions.
With its features working together, Fisker Intelligent Pilot’s perception stack with camera and radar sensor fusion makes better decisions at highway speeds, in city traffic, and in poor weather. The radar can locate vehicles at 200 metres and pedestrians at 80 metres.
“Fisker Intelligent Pilot and Fisker Digital-Imaging combine reliable ADAS cameras with first-to-market 4D digital radars, giving owners industry-leading safety to go along with a US$37,499 price for the Fisker Ocean Sport and over 350 miles (560 kms) of range.
With semi-autonomous systems like adaptive cruise control, there is a risk of the driver being less attentive or even getting drowsy. To ensure that the driver is attentive when the system is engaged, the Fisker Intelligent Pilot uses an A-pillar-mounted interior camera that monitors for drowsiness and concentration and alerts the driver when necessary.
The Ocean, a 5-passenger SUV, will be introduced to the European market at Mobile World Congress later this month in Barcelona, Spain. Promoted as ‘the world’s most sustainable vehicle’, Fisker expects to sell up to 60,000 units a year in that region. Fisker Magic Works, opened in England last year, will develop special editions of the company’s vehicles alongside new, high-performance projects combining sustainability with Henrik Fisker’s commitment to beautiful, emotional design.
Vaccination does not make you immune to COVID-19 infection. You can still get infected and although you may not show symptoms, you could still spread the coronavirus. Do not stop taking protective measures such as wearing a facemask, washing hands frequently and social distancing.
Next year, Rolls-Royce will unveil Spectre, its fully electric limousine that will go on sale in 2024. The final form that the car will have would have been approved so much work would have been done in the wind tunnel to make it as aerodynamically efficient as possible. For electric cars, this is vital to minimise the power used to overcome wind resistance and achieve high performance.
Wind tunnel studies cover every centimetre of the bodywork and even the tiniest details need to be shaped correctly for minimum wind resistance. This includes the iconic Spirit of Ecstasy figurine that stands on the edge of the bonnet. She will also grace the bonnet of the Spectre and after 111 years since being registered as intellectual property of Rolls-Royce, the Spirit of Ecstasy is being remodelled again.
The figurine has been remodelled with a lower, more dynamic stance that brings her much closer to the drawings made by her original creator, the illustrator and sculptor Charles Sykes, in the early years of the 20th century. It also sees her physical form represent ‘The Expression’, a visual device that forms part of the marque’s new visual language.
The new Spirit of Ecstasy stands 82.73 mm tall, compared to her predecessor’s 100.01 mm. Her robes, which flow behind her in the slipstream (often but incorrectly characterised as ‘wings’) have been subtly reshaped to make them more aerodynamic and realistic.
The most visible change is her stance. Previously, she has stood with her feet together, legs straight and tilting at the waist. Now, she is a true goddess of speed, braced for the wind, one leg forward, body tucked low, her eyes focused eagerly ahead.
The new stance of the Spirit of Ecstasy and the one (inset) seen on current Rolls-Royce models.
These changes have both practical and stylistic benefits, contributing to the Spectre’s aerodynamic properties which Rolls-Royce says will be remarkable. The earliest Spectre prototypes have already shown a drag coefficient of just 0.26 Cd, making it the most aerodynamic Rolls-Royce ever created. The figure is expected to improve during the product’s exhaustive testing protocols undertaken in the course of this year.
This new expression captures the essence of Charles Sykes’ original drawings, but rather than simply being ‘redrawn’ or ‘redesigned’, her new shape has been digitally sculpted by a computer modeller working at the Rolls-Royce, who has a passion for life drawing and sculpture. Their experience in this field was invaluable in developing the figurine’s elegant lifelike facial features as well as her expression, which deftly combines focus and serenity.
The designers also consulted stylists at Roll-Royce for their perspective on her hair, clothes, posture, and expression, adding an authentically contemporary aura to her dynamism and commanding presence.
While all figurines are made using one of the oldest known casting techniques, named ‘lost wax casting’ or ‘cire-perdue’, each is individually finished by hand, so will be minutely different from figurine to figurine. As well as continuing a long Rolls-Royce tradition – until 1939, the mascots were made and polished by Charles Sykes himself – this subtle, ephemeral human element creates an intriguing contrast to the precise, highly engineered motor car she sits atop.
Though relatively rare in the modern era, changes to the Spirit of Ecstasy have been made throughout her 111-year lifespan. She has been rendered in various sizes and materials and, briefly, in a kneeling position. The new version created for the Spectre will appear on all future models. The current design will still be used on Phantom, Ghost, Wraith, Dawn and Cullinan and their Black Badge alter egos where applicable.
The fully electric Spectre will make its debut in 2023 and it will be the most aerodynamic Roll-Royce ever designed for sale.
“The Spirit of Ecstasy is the most famous and desirable automotive mascot in the world. More than just a symbol, she is the embodiment of our brand, and a constant source of inspiration and pride for the marque and its clients. Like our brand, she has always moved with the times while staying true to her nature and character. In her new form she is more streamlined and graceful than ever before – the perfect emblem for the most aerodynamic Rolls-Royce ever created, and for gracing the prow of our bold electric future,” said Torsten Muller-Otvos, CEO of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars.
At one time, a ‘connected’ vehicle was one which could receive radio broadcasts and that was about all. Today, the term refers to many more ways that the vehicle and its occupants are connected which we are taking for granted. Even the cheapest models come with simple handsfree telephony capabilities, and connecting to the internet has been possible for many years.
Yet, in the early 1990s, connectivity like this was still considered as just ideas in concept cars. People were just starting to enjoy the convenience of mobilephones and being able to make calls from cars (which would lead to new laws that made them offences as they affected safety). Voice command was still regarded as science fiction, let alone handsfree telephony.
Thinking ahead in 1991
But many of the connectivity features that are common in today’s vehicles were already in the minds of Mercedes-Benz researchers and designers back in 1991. They showed their ideas in the F 100 research vehicle which was first displayed at the North American International Auto Show.
The F 100 was significant in many ways as never before had so many new ideas and innovative solutions been incorporated in a single vehicle. With all its technology, the vehicle was a forerunner of today’s connected car, which was typical of the German carmaker that has a long tradition of demonstrating pioneering technology in visionary and fully functional vehicles.
The F 100 was clearly a visionary research vehicle and it was employed by the engineers and designers to implement key findings in relation to future demands on vehicle technology. Among other things, the research vehicle incorporated findings from accident/social research: as a typical passenger car carries an average of between 1.2 and 1.7 people in everyday use, the developers positioned the driver in the centre of the passenger cell – the safest place inside the vehicle. This made the innovations in terms of crash safety for the driver even more effective.
The occupants in the second row were seated to the left and right behind the driver. Two further passengers were given seats towards the centre between the sturdy rear wheelhouses. The body of the F 100 with its steeply raked rear end anticipated the trend of future years, in which there was an increasing demand for spacious estate cars and other vehicles. It did not, however, take into consideration the SUV with its higher ground clearance…
Complex door operation
The innovative spatial concept of the interior was matched by a new type of door operation. Access to the driver’s seat was by means of rotating-swivelling doors, which took parts of the vehicle floor and roof with them when opened. When they were closed, mechanical locking mechanisms in 3 places ensured firm, reliable closing.
In this way, the F 100 made up for the slender waistline in the vehicle floor and the design with no B-pillar between the front doors and the space-saving, rear pivot-and-slide doors. Of course, the complex idea would be expensive and would not appear in production cars, although sliding side doors are common in MPVs.
The connected car
With many of its systems, the F 100 anticipated solutions that would in future years give rise to the ‘connected car’. These included a voice-controlled telephone system and a central display, on which the vehicle system automatically showed the key information in every situation – such as the current speed or warnings about traffic in the area around the vehicle.
Such information was delivered by a camera activated when reversing, while a distance-warning radar and another radar system monitored traffic ahead and behind the F 100. Sensors also detected other vehicles in the blind spot if the driver indicated to change lane and automatic lane-keeping was also possible.
Other electronic assistance systems included access to the car by chip card instead of a conventional key, electric motors to control the adjustment of seat and steering wheel, mobile fax and a permanently installed personal computer that was becoming widespread. The power supply was assisted by solar cells in the roof with an area of almost 2 square metres and an output of up to 100 watts.
The driver of a Mercedes-Benz A-Class today has a dashboard that provides all kinds of information, and the car has features that were just ideas in 1991.
They all sound common today, along with other systems that were considered very advanced in 1991: autonomous intelligent cruise control, xenon headlamps and a chip card as the vehicle key. Those who saw the F 100 and learnt of these systems may have found it hard to believe would be available in cars just a decade later – and not just in the flagship models like the S-Class.
Better lighting too
it was a vehicle that gave a fascinating promise of the future of automotive technology. This included safety systems and one of them showed a new approach to lighting technology. The F 100’s highly compact headlamps were the first from Mercedes-Benz to use gas-discharge lamps. This technology was later to become known under the name of xenon headlamps. The tail lamps were of transparent prism rods that served as light conductors and were activated from a central light source in the appropriate colour depending on the required function.
Different vehicles, different purposes
In addition to its research vehicles, Mercedes-Benz also develops technology vehicles, test vehicles, concept vehicles and one-off vehicles in advance of new standard-production models. Technology vehicles are standard-production vehicles that are equipped with new technology – such as alternative drives – in order to test that technology under everyday conditions. Related to research vehicles, the test vehicles are used to take new technologies out of the research lab and onto the test track.
The F 300 Life-Jet displayed in 1997 was a new vehicle concept which combined the cornering dynamics of a motorcycle with the safety of a passenger car.
Concept vehicles, on the other hand, are near-production, ready-to-drive vehicles that position a future vehicle model on the market. They are usually equipped with new technology just short of readiness for use in use in production models that customers can buy.
The engineers who have to test prototypes go all over the world to places with extreme environments. Their job is to see how the future model will perform in the toughest conditions on the planet and collect data that will help them ensure reliability and durability. Much of the time, the work can be monotonous as it’s not a joy-ride and the vehicles must be driven in specific ways… and not always at high speeds.
For Polestar’s engineers, there are occasions when they must enjoy their work, especially when within the Arctic Circle where the company’s intense winter testing programme runs for 15 weeks from December to March every year. Teams of engineers pushing prototypes to the limits in harsh conditions that can be as low as -35 degrees C.
It’s not just components that are tested but also the prototype’s driving dynamics. “Tuning a chassis on snow and ice allows us to develop our cars in what feels like slow motion and with better accuracy,” said Joakim Rydholm, Polestar’s chief chassis engineer who has led the dynamic development of Polestar vehicles for over a decade and advocates tuning in this extreme environment.
“With such low levels of grip, we can feel and analyse the dynamics at a much slower pace than on tarmac, which means we can really fine-tune the way our cars behave, down to the smallest details. This is my absolute favourite place to develop cars,” he revealed.
To exhibit this expertise, and being a rally driver in his spare time with numerous trophies to his name, Rydholm created the unique Polestar 2 ‘Arctic Circle’ as a one-off special version that brings winter rally inspiration to a Polestar for the first time.
The base car, a Polestar 2 Long-range Dual motor with Performance Pack, has several specific modifications. The ride height is higher (+30 mm), with increased power and torque output (350 kW and 680 Nm) and custom-made 19-inch studded winter tyres, each having 4 mm metal studs (490 per tyre). These give the Polestar 2 Arctic Circle the mechanical credentials to be quick and agile on snow and ice.
In combination with springs that are 30% softer, the 3-way performance Ohlin’s dampers, specially designed and tuned for this car together with Ohlins, are set to 9 clicks front and rear and feature auxiliary adjustment chambers. The standard 4-piston Brembo front brakes are good enough, so they are retained without changes.
The front bumper has a carbonfibre skid plate for additional under-body protection. The front and rear strut braces have been fitted to increase torsional rigidity and steering responsiveness. A new prototype launch control system has also been integrated via steering wheel-mounted paddles. And just in case the drivers get stuck in snow far away, a carbonfibre snow shovel and a recovery strap are mounted in the rear of the car as well.
Visually, rally inspiration has seen the fitment of 19-inch OZ Racing rally wheels, four Stedi Quad Pro LED front lights and a unique exterior livery in matte grey and white. Inside, there are custom-upholstered Recaro front bucket seats in charcoal with Swedish gold branding.
“I wanted to have more fun than usual with this car – really being able to push it in terms of performance and handling in a winter environment like a frozen lake. The balance and predictability we have achieved with the raised ride height and specialised tyres are particularly noticeable when you enter a bend completely sideways, with a bigger-than-usual smile on your face, and in total control,” said a happy Rydholm, adding that the Polestar 2 Arctic Circle is a one-time-only showpiece there are no production plans.
Most people who buy a pick-up truck are the active types who enjoy going out into the countryside and exploring our beautiful country. For those who own a Ford Ranger, there’s now an even better way to enjoy their truck with the ‘Ford Ranger Getaways’. This is new brand experiential programme offered by Sime Darby Auto ConneXion-Ford (SDAC-Ford) for enthusiasts to experience the ‘Ranger Life’with other owners. The program also allows them to discover the potential of the Ranger themselves through specially designed excursions.
An industry first, the programme has been crafted based on customer feedback, which underlined their desire for wanting to network with like-minded individuals, expanding their lifestyle activities to enhance work-life balance, and spending more quality time with family and friends.
There are 15 getaways and each one has been thoughtfully curated to showcase the multiformity of the Ranger lifestyle. These encompass fun city outings and outdoor or off-road excursions to foodie trails, and even flying a plane through Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC)!
There is also a one-of-a-kind on and off-road experience within the vicinity of Sepang which will be held on February 26 for owners of the high-performance Ranger Raptor. Owners of other Ranger variants can also participate on a similar type of event the next day at the same venue.
The programme is also a way for SDAC-Ford to help boost domestic tourism which have been hard-hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and to support as many local businesses as possible. These businesses have been selected for their activities that are aligned with the Ranger Life core values.
The Ford Ranger Getaways will be refreshed from time to time to ensure that they remain interesting. The current getaways on offer are half-day, full-day or overnight trips and prices range from RM98 to RM2,133 per person, depending on the package chosen.
The various Ford Ranger Getaway packages available.
In conjunction with the launch of the Ford Ranger Getaways, owners can enjoy 50% savings for the on and off-road experience which will be held on February 26 and 27. Each participant can also bring along a companion for free. As there are limited slots, acceptance of bookings will be on a first-come, first-served basis.
“Over the years, the Ranger has transformed from a purely utilitarian workhorse and is now leading the pack as a versatile and premium truck that is sought after for work, family and play, whilst maintaining its ‘Built Ford Tough’ DNA. In line with the 5 guiding principles under our new ‘Live the Ranger Life’ brand essence, the Ford Ranger Getaways aims to offer experiences that push the boundaries of what people perceive a pickup truck to be. We also believe that this attracts new customers to our Ford Ranger brand,” said Turse Zuhair, Managing Director of Sime Darby Auto ConneXion-Ford.
Ranger owners can make their bookings from February 5, 2022 onwards by going to SDAC-Ford’s new e-commerce platform at www.sdacford.com.my/shop. Using the online platform, they can select their desired adventure and travel date as well as complete the payment transaction, all from the comfort of their home or office. Confirmation will be sent via email from the time the booking is processed.
It’s not explained how or why Great Wall Motors (GWM) chose to name its technology platform L.E.M.O.N, a name which has a negative meaning when associated with cars. But since it appeared in the third generation of the Chinese company’s Haval H6 SUV in 2020, the platform has been widely publicised in positive terms.
The platform has been developed in-house by GWM and light weight (that could be what the ‘L’ stands for in L.E.M.O.N.) is one of its strong points. In addition to having an all-aluminium body to reduce vehicle weight, there is also a hot-stamped one-piece door ring solution to further cut the kilograms. More significantly, some new models used more than 75% of high-strength steel as well.
The lightweight aspect cannot be understated and to achieve it, GWM engineers made structural improvements, adjusting the material arrangement path and fully improving the torsion resistance and roof crush strength.
At the inception phase of the project, GWM took advantage of simulation topology and MDO (multidisciplinary design) to identify the most effective material arrangement path that meets performance needs like safety and rigidity. After fully improving the body structure, the L.E.M.O.N. Platform was strengthened by using different materials according to the load conditions at different places.
Instead of traditional spot welding of separate parts, the door structure is an integrated hot stamped part.
Traditional spot-welding spliced door ring is replaced by integrated hot stamping door ring, which helps remove the centralized collision stress at the joint position along the force transferring path, reduce the body intrusion in the collision, and improve the passenger safety in 25% small overlapping collision conditions.
This obviously has significant benefits in terms of safety and the L.E.M.O.N. Platform has been engineered with this as one of the objectives. GWM engineers have made sure it will be suitable for global application, in Germany where there are no speed limits as well as in the Middle East where the environment is extremely hot.
It can also achieve NCAP 5-star ratings and meet the highest rating of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) in North America. The 360° panoramic image system is used to protect drivers’ safety that can provide a high-definition display without blind areas to users, helping them observe surrounding road conditions and ensure all-around driving safety.
The platform can be used with four types of powertrains – Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), Hybrid, Battery Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric. The hybrid electric powertrain is available in both DHT and P2/P2+P4 architectures. The DHT architecture is more suitable for urban commuting because of longer endurance mileage and low energy consumption. For example, the HAVAL H6 Hybrid with this architecture has a fuel-saving rate of 48 – 50%, with a pure electric endurance mileage of 200 kms, it is claimed.
Latest Haval H6 SUV is one of the models sold globally which sits on the L.E.M.O.N. platform.
Regardless of the powertrain used, a lighter vehicle will definitely provide benefits in terms of fuel efficiency. GWM’s extensive tests show that if a car’s kerb weight is decreased by 100 kgs, the fuel consumption per 100 kilometres can decrease by 0.3 litre – 0.6 litre. Additionally, the studies also found that carbon dioxide emissions will decrease by about 5 gms per kilometre.
This has been proven with the latest Haval H6 which has had a 100-kg drop in weight compared to the previous generation. Its fuel economy has improved by 14.5%, with fuel consumption per 100 kilometres down to 6.6 litres. If a driver travels 30,000 kms a year, fuel-savings could be 180 litres.
Needless to say, a light vehicle will have better straightline performance and a weight reduction of 10% can see acceleration improving by 8%, while the braking distance can decrease by 5%.
Ora Goodcat also rides on the L.E.M.O.N. platform.
Currently, the models built on the L.E.M.O.N. Platform are latest Haval H6, Dargo, Jolion and ORA Goodcat, all of which are being sold globally.
