The Cullinan SUV by Rolls-Royce costs upwards of RM1.8 million and for most owners, it would probably be part of a fleet, perhaps used for occasions when some rough conditions are expected. There might be some owners who will want to make use of all the off-road capability that Rolls-Royce engineers have given it and travel far off-road.
One such customer in the Arabian Peninsular seems to have such an intent and got Delta 4×4, a German tuning company, to ruggedize his Cullinan and also add some accessories for camping in comfort (probably in the desert). In total, the project would have cost the owner at least 150,000 euros (about RM690,000).
It’s the sort of assignment that Delta 4×4 has expertise in and apart from installing its own line of accessories like a brush bar, spotlights (10 PIAA units in total), skid plates, and a snorkel, it also incorporated a roof rack with a rooftop tent.
To enable it to cross rougher terrain, Delta4x4 added wider fenders over the custom bead-lock 20-inch wheels and Mickey Thompson off-road tyres. Ground clearance is extended with a 3.15-inch lift kit to add 150 mm more than a standard Cullinan.
The 6.75-litre twin-turbo V-12 engine under the long bonnet has plenty of power – 563 bhp with 850 Nm of torque – so no upgrading would be necessary. The exhaust system, however, is customised ‘for a nicer sound’ and improved performance. Likewise with the 8-speed automatic transmission and all-wheel drive which are also unchanged from the standard model the customer purchased originally.
While this is a one-off conversion for the Cullinan, Delta 4×4 can apply the same expertise for other models and it has done so with vehicles like the Mercedes-Benz G-Class and X-Class, Ford Ranger, Volkswagen Amaro, Mitsubishi Triton and even a Porsche 911 Carrera 4S.
Pole man Charles Leclerc got his Ferrari off to a clean start for the 2022 Australian GP as Max Verstappen pursued him into the first corner. However, things were not good for Carlos Sainz, who had started in P9 and then fell to 13th right away. Trying hard to make up, he lost it in Turn 9 and slid into the gravel. This brought out the Virtual Safety Car to enable marshals to clear the Ferrari.
Shortly after, the F1 Safety Car entered the track to manage the racing cars. During that time, Aston Martin’s Lance Stroll was the first to come back to the pits to move to hard tyres. The early appearance of the Safety Car meant that tyre temperatures did not get up to optimum fast enough as the cars slowed down.
The Safety Car departed on lap 7 and racing resumed with Leclerc still in the lead. The regulations for race restarts after the Safety Car departs have been made clearer and the tactics which Verstappen used in the previous 3 races (running alongside the leader) are no longer permitted.
On restart, Leclerc shot forward to try to widen the gap with the Red Bull and in doing so, set the first fastest lap of the day, putting himself almost a second ahead of Verstappen. Behind them, Hamilton was busy keeping Sergio Perez from getting past to take his third place.
Though the track is familiar to most of the drivers, the resurfacing had made it a bit slippery too and this was something they had to contend with. Sebastian Vettel slid off momentarily and Verstappen was complaining of tyre graining.
On lap 10, Perez flew past Hamilton on DRS to take over third and the Mercedes-AMG driver clearly could not do anything. With two Red Bulls behind him, albeit with a 3-second gap from Verstappen, the pressure on Leclerc increased.
Verstappen’s struggles saw him dropping back further to 9 seconds from Leclerc by lap 17, amd he came in 2 laps later for a tyre change, rejoining at 7th ahead of Fernando Alonso. This moved Perez up to second but he too came in on lap 21 to get onto hard tyres. The Red Bull pit stops moved Hamilton and George Russell up to second and third places behind Leclerc, albeit some 17 seconds away.
Finally on lap 22, Leclerc came in and so did Hamilton, and the Ferrari did not lose its lead while Hamilton was able to get ahead of Perez. Verstappen had moved back to second and was 4 seconds behind the Ferrari and then Vettel lost it and crashed into a barrier near Turn 4. Out came the Safety Car, negating the Dutchman’s advantageous position. Russell took the opportunity to come in for his tyre change and managed to get back in third place.
Racing resumed on lap 27 and Leclerc took off but just barely stayed ahead of Verstappen as they both entered Turn 3. Russell was also close but had to watch out for Alonso who was making a bid for the third place. But before long, Perez was the one to hassle the new Mercedes-AMG driver as Alonso dropped back and became the target for Hamilton.
With more than half the race completed, only three drivers had not changed from their hard tyres – Alonso, Kevin Magnussen and Alex Albon, The others would be managing their tyres to make it to the 58th lap.
Magnussen’s battle with Daniel Riccardo ended on lap 34 when he could not prevent the McLaren from getting past and joining team mate Lando Norris.
On lap 38, disaster struck again for Verstappen as smoke and then fire appeared from his car and his engineer ordered him to stop immediately near Turn 2. The Virtual Safety Car (VSC) was activated to allow marshals to take action to remove the car. It was lap 40 when the VSC was deactivated and just prior to its activation, Russell was advised to not fight Perez so as not to damage his tyres, and he reluctantly let the Red Bull pass. So it was a Red Bull still second, though 12 seconds behind Leclerc. Verstappen’s fire was of concern to Perez who recalled how his own car had also died just after Verstappen’s in the first round. However, his engineer told him not to worry.
For Hamilton and Russell, running in third and fourth, the gap was not enough to make an effort to go for Perez so they focussed on tyre management to make sure that they finished the race. If bad luck hit the Mexican Red Bull driver, then it would be a bonus for them but for Leclerc, things were very much in control with a 14-second gap.
With 5 laps remaining, it appeared that the frontrunners had settled into maintaining positions to complete the race. Further back, Pierre Gasly was fighting hard to keep at least 10th place and stay in points as Lance Stroll and Guanyu Zhou kept duelling with him.
And so it was Ferrari’s day again as Leclerc crossed the line, a comfortable 20 seconds ahead of Perez, with the two Mercedes-AMGs in third and fourth.
China’s auto industry goes back many decades but it was only in the 1980s, as the country’s economy opened up, that the industry began to expand. Numerous new car companies were established, largely with government support to help them get going, and apart from joint-ventures with foreign carmakers, there were also many that developed on their own.
In the auto industry, the name of the game is numbers – to achieve the biggest volumes possible so that economies of scale can push production costs down. To build up to the critical levels, aspects like quality and safety may not be as high a priority as producing as many vehicles as possible. It’s a normal evolutionary process in the auto industry and once the critical annual volume is reached, then attention can be given to other areas as increasing profits provide the financial resources for more R&D.
So it’s not unusual that the early cars from Chinese companies had low quality and it should be remembered that the Japanese and Koreans also went through that phase. In the 1960s, when the Japanese cars started to sell in noticeable numbers in Malaysia, they were considered fragile and thought to be ‘made from Milo tin can materials’, which was really a myth. But in time, they improved quality and moved so far ahead as to lead the industry in that aspect.
For the Chinese carmakers, the 2000s were a time of rapid growth and getting into world markets. While their vehicles were selling well in China and there was then little emphasis on safety, the same was not the case in other countries. Safety standards were well established and independent organizations like Euro NCAP and Germany’s TUV and ADAC conducted assessments on new vehicles which included crashing them.
The severely damaged Landwind X6 tested by Germany’s ADAC in 2005 increased the negative perception of the passive safety of Chinese vehicles.
The early Chinese cars exported to Europe had poor ratings then, and a SUV model called the Landwind X6 showed a shocking result in Euro NCAP’s crash test in 2005 when it was so severely damaged that it got zero stars. Though testing by some other organizations suggested that it was not all that bad, the negative publicity became associated with cars from China.
The need for better engineered cars with better protection for occupants saw the establishment of safety standards by the China Automotive Technology Research Centre in 2006. This was the start of C-NCAP (China’s New Car Assessment Program) which would eventually adopt international standards typically led by Euro NCAP. There is now a Global NCAP organization which coordinates and assists national and regional organizations in this field.
NCAP tests are not required by law in any country, but their results are of interest to car-buyers who will be better informed of the level of safety a model offers. Manufacturers therefore aim to achieve the best result – 5 stars – for their new models. During development, they are made aware of the various requirements in the tests and engineer their vehicles to meet or even exceed those requirements.
Many new models nowadays can score the maximum of 5 stars but some get less either because of their design or because they may not have sufficient protective capability or features. In some cases, reduced equipment may also mean a lower score, but the vehicle will also cost less. So it is up to the buyers to decide whether they value their lives enough to pay the extra for better safety or settle for a less safe car and save money instead.
The NCAP requirements or protocols are constantly evolving and are periodically updated with tougher requirements as new technologies become available and also to push manufacturers to make their cars safer. Thus a model which may have scored well in 2003 might not achieve the same result today because the requirements have become tougher. For example, in 2008, Euro NCAP (and other NCAPs followed later) made it a requirement that Electronic Stability Control (ESC) must be present to be able to get 5 stars. If a model scored well in all areas but had no ESC, it would get only 4 stars. This basically forced the industry to make ESC a standard feature before long, providing motorists with better active safety.
Another example is the provision of airbags for both front occupants. This was promoted by ASEAN NCAP for models sold in the region and before long, manufacturers made dual front airbags standard across the range.
The upgrading of protocols is done in discussion with the industry to ensure that sufficient time is given for carmakers to improve their engineering or further develop technologies that will make it possible to meet new tests. There is also the cost factor as imposition of new technology too fast can make cars more expensive.
In the case of China, C-NCAP (which set standards) was behind the global NCAP standards at the start. However, by 2012, the protocols were upgraded to become close to what Euro NCAP had. For example, the main frontal offset impact speed was increased from 56 km/h to 64 km/h, and there was a general increase in the thresholds for injury scores of the dummies.
By 2018, the vehicles that were made in China and also the regulations set by the authorities were comparable to those in Europe. This meant that Chinese vehicles had safety standards that could be considered as world-class, with most of the models sold globally being able to match those from other makes.
A recent example of this achievement is with the latest HAVAL H6 from GWM (Great Wall Motors). The new SUV was given a 5-star rating by ANCAP, the NCAP organization for the Australasian region. Even more impressive was that the model had met ANCAP’s latest 2022 protocols which are tougher.
“This is GWM’s first new HAVAL SUV model to the Australasian market for a number of years. Delivering a 5-star vehicle to the market – against ANCAP’s latest 2022 protocols – demonstrates the brand has kept pace with the latest ANCAP safety standards and consumer safety expectations,” said ANCAP’s CEO, Carla Hoorweg.
The H6 achieved excellent results in 4 aspects – Adult Occupant Protection (AOP), Child Occupant Protection (COP), Safety Assist and Vulnerable Road-User Protection, with scores of 90%, 88%, 81% and 73%, respectively.
Details of the results showed that the H6 got a ‘GOOD’ grade in AOP. It has got a full score in tests such as side impact, oblique pole, whiplash protection, and rescue and extrication. In addition to the 70%+ high-strength steel vehicle frame, the vehicle is also equipped with an omnidirectional airbag that can effectively protect front and rear passengers from injury during a crash.
In terms of COP, the H6 also did very well. It received a full score in dynamic test (side) due to the lower ISOFIX anchorages and top tether anchorages installed in the rear seat. These further strengthen the connection between the childseat and the vehicle body, thus providing better safety protection for children.
Vulnerable Road User Protection is something which GWM would have given attention to earlier because C-NCAP had already been looking into it for some years now. The China In-Depth Accident Study (CIDAS) which was developed like Germany’s GIDAS identified that around 22% of serious crashes involved pedestrians. This led C-NCAP to also evaluate vehicles to rate how well pedestrians were protected in a collision.
The H6 also performed well in this aspect, thanks to features like an energy-absorbing space in the front bumper. Also, the Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) system can detect pedestrians and cyclists ahead and automatically brake the car if the driver does not take action to prevent it.
The Australian Grand Prix of 2020 was the first Formula 1 event to be cancelled as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and it was a sudden cancellation, literally at the ‘eleventh hour’. The state government has forced its cancellation as the pandemic worsened and it started the ball rolling for other organizers to also cancel.
The Australian round has traditionally been the opening round of the season for many years so for the 2021 calendar, it was again placed at the start. However, the strict entry conditions at the start of 2021 made it difficult and uncertain for teams, so the organizers asked for their round to be postponed towards the end of the year when, hopefully, conditions would ease. But they did not (and would not till this year) and so the event had to be cancelled altogether.
This year, the Australian Grand Prix can finally be run although it could not regain its season-opening position and was scheduled as Round 3 of the 2022 Formula 1 World Championship. The circuit at Albert Park in Melbourne has changed and the entire track has been resurfaced. Some of the turns have been widened and a chicane has also been removed. The latter change is intended to provide a good overtaking spot, something which gives spectators the excitement to watch.
According to Brembo, the brake suppliers for all teams, it is one of those tracks with a medium level of difficulty for brakes. Since it is usually used for daily traffic, the track is slippery on Friday but, session by session, the asphalt is increasingly rubberized, also improving braking performance. This also translates into greater pad and disc wear, as they reach extremely high temperatures due to the increase in grip.
With the long experience Brembo has accumulated in Formula 1 since 1975 when they supplied to Ferrari, they have a range of solutions for the calipers that contribute to the heat dissipation of the entire braking system. One of these solutions is the Brembo pads with ventilation holes, something that is anything but simple to achieve because of their small dimensions and the materials the pads are made of, starting with carbon. Thanks to these holes, air circulation is greater and this staves off the overheating of the pads and the calipers themselves.
In 2022, the technical regulations ban having these holes in the pads in order to limit the cost of the component, but the teams are already on the hunt for cooling features that will improve this aspect without breaking any rules, such as fins or other processes to at least increase the exchange surface.
The minimum cornering speeds and gears used by the Mercedes-AMG drivers at Albert Park.
For Pirelli, the tyre people, there are a few unknowns because of the new track surface and changes, so past data cannot be entirely referred to. “There is a completely new generation of cars and tyres that the drivers are still trying to learn about. All these factors mean that there will be a lot of work to do for teams and drivers in the free practice sessions. We decided to opt for the step in the compound nominations because we noticed that there was a relatively small performance gap between the C3 and C4 compounds during development testing, and we believe that Albert Park – with its new asphalt and layout – is a good place to try out this option,” said Mario Isola, Pirellis’ Motorsport Director.
“We had to deal with a lot of new things compared to the last time that we raced here. The track is completely different from what it used to be: it’s definitely faster and the new tarmac feels totally different in terms of grip as far as I can remember,” said Ferrari’s Carlos Sainz.
The first two rounds of the championship have seen Ferrari and Red Bull Racing outpacing the Mercedes-AMG team. It’s still early days and the reigning champions are trying hard to address issues with set-up but still some way to go to match the pace of the frontrunners.
The Albert Park circuit is one of those where Lewis Hamilton has not had a notable record of wins (only two) even though he started from pole position a record 8 times. It is Michael Schumacher who has had the most wins with 4 wins, followed by Sebastian Vettel who has won 3 times. The McLaren team has had the most victories in Australia with eleven to date, with Ferrari having two less.
In 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic kept people in their homes and racing activities came to a standstill, Lamborghini started a one-make championship online. Not surprisingly, the event known as ‘The Real Race’ was a success as driving enthusiasts took to racing virtually. More than 2,500 drivers from 109 countries participated in the first edition of the Lamborghini eSports championship.
Huracan GT3 EVO for all participants
The immersive competition had the Huracan GT3 EVO for use by all participants. Each car had exclusive race livery created by Centro Stile, Lamborghini’s in-house design department. Participants could customize the looks in 12 different versions, with each car displaying the trademark logos of long-standing Lamborghini Squadra Corse partners – Pertamina, Pirelli and Roger Dubuis.
The competition returned in 2021 with 10 races and a new and upgraded regional format. The new format had a more global approach as racers competed both in traditional Grand Prix and in three Endurance races to earn points within their regional tournaments in Europe, America and Asia. As in 2020, they all drove a Huracan GT3 EVO in Assetto Corsa Competizione, the advanced racing simulation game.
Assetto Corsa Competizione was developed alongside car manufacturers and provides a dynamic platform for Lamborghini’s latest racing series. It has photorealistic weather conditions and graphics, night races, motion capture animations, reaching a new standard in terms of driving realism and immersion. The game is also used by official Lamborghini Squadra Corse test and race drivers in their real-world preparations.
The winners of the 6-month long championship enjoyed a track experience with the Lamborghini Squadra Corse and a VIP experience at Lamborghini Headquarters. Additionally, the top-ranked player of each regional series would be invited to become a Lamborghini Official Sim driver.
Creation of a ‘factory team’
Lamborghini decided to create its own official team – a ‘factory team’, just as in real life competition – to build on the valuable experience gained with The Real Race. The eSports Team represents a further opportunity to expand the brand’s presence in a sector that is constantly developing, highly competitive, and also strengthen its commitment to the eSports scene.
The three sim drivers chosen to represent the brand in the major international eSports competitions are Jordan Sherratt, Gianfranco Giglioli and Giorgio Simonini. Sherratt (South African, 23) and Giglioli (Italian-Venezuelan, 24) will compete together in the GT World Challenge Esports Sprint Series Europe, and Simonini (Italian, 22) will join the pair to form the crew for the 2022 Intercontinental GT Challenge Esports Endurance Championship.
The Sprint calendar consists of 5 races and started last weekend with the Misano race. The last round is set for August 3, with the grand finale scheduled in the virtual version of the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza.
The Intercontinental GT Challenge Esports series starts next weekend (April 16) with the 12 Hours of Bathurst, the famous Australian endurance race. Here too, there are 5 rounds on the calendar, with the competition concluding on August 27 with the 9 Hours of Kyalami at the famous circuit in South Africa.
Support from Squadra Corse
The three sim racers have been training hard, sharing important information on driving and set-up. They will be supported during the season by the Squadra Corse staff who are dedicating a team principal, driver coach and engineers to offer their expertise in the development and analysis of telemetry data, from the track to the virtual simulation.
“Sim racing is an important platform in today’s motorsport scene. Videogames were born to allow those who didn’t have opportunities for real-life racing to be like the professional drivers. Now, after several decades of development in the industry, sim racing is getting closer and closer to its real-life counterpart. Moreover, sim racing is an additional tool for us to develop some of the fundamental aspects of real racing, such as car set-ups and software applications that will play an important role in the future of our brand,” said Automobili Lamborghini’s Head of Motorsport, Giorgio Sanna.
Even before its official launch (around the middle of this year), the next generation of Honda’s Civic Type R has started to collect records. As it goes through final development evaluation, test-drivers have been pushing it to the limits and in the course of one run recently, a new lap record for a front-wheel drive car was set at the Suzuka Circuit in Japan.
It lapped the 5.8-km track in 2 minutes 23.120 seconds, which was 0.873 of a second faster than the time achieved by its predecessor, a 2021 Civic Type R Limited Edition which was a development car.
The Suzuka Circuit, opened in 1962, is famous for its high-speed chicanes and challenging corners. It has hosted the Japanese Formula 1 Grand Prix for all but two years since 1987. Racing drivers regard it as one of the world’s greatest circuits and it has been a popular course for testing high performance Honda models.
Before the previous front-wheel drive lap record at Suzuka, Honda’s tenth generation Civic Type R GT broke the front-wheel drive lap record at the Nurburgring Nordschleife in 2017 with a lap time of 7 minutes 43.8 seconds. A production specification Civic Type R GT went on to break front-wheel drive production car records at 5 legendary European racetracks.
