The 2021 Formula 1 World Championship starts off this weekend in Bahrain, instead of Australia where the first round has traditionally been. So instead of preparing for the circuit in Melbourne, tyre-suppliers Pirelli have had to change plans and select tyres for the circuit in the desert which has some of the most abrasive asphalt of the season.
At the 3-day pre-season test on the circuit, the teams had the entire P Zero range at their disposal, but many chose to concentrate on the three compounds nominated by Pirelli engineers. With the track having been used just 4 months ago, little about it will have changed since the teams were last there: giving them a stable basis to work from.
Windy testing conditions
The testing was influenced by the local conditions and the first day was consistently windy with gusts that reached 47 km/h, affecting the aerodynamics on the cars. As a result of the wind, there was plenty of sand on the track that compromised grip. Temperatures were also particularly high, so the combination of these factors led to some surface overheating and increased tyre degradation.
On the second day, the wind still remained but temperatures were lower, which reduced the overheating. As a result, the teams had a better balance with their cars, with plenty of set-up work carried out over generally short runs, as was the case on the opening day.
The third and final day was run in better track conditions with moderate winds and a cool breeze but track temperatures similar to the first day. Many teams carried out long runs using the compound tyres nominated.
The three compounds
The three compounds are C2 as the P Zero White hard, C3 as the P Zero Yellow medium, and C4 as the P Zero Red soft. This is the same nomination as last year’s Bahrain GP but there is a new tyre construction this year for the latest cars. The 2021 cars, in fact, have reduced downforce compared to last year, under the most recent technical rules.
The new tyres for 2021 have been designed to improve strength and durability, allowing them to run at lower pressures, while the actual compounds are the same as last year. During testing of the 2021 tyres last November in Bahrain, rear tyre pressure was reduced by 0.5 psi and front tyre pressure by 1.5 psi. Then, following telemetry analysis and the reduction of rear downforce in particular, rear tyre pressure was further reduced by 1.5 psi at recent test in Bahrain. This is now confirmed for the race.
The number of sets allowed per weekend is the same as last year (13) despite the there being an hour less of running, with Friday’s free practice sessions now cut to one hour each. As was the case last year, there’s a standard allocation for every car in 2021.
Racing after sunset
The Bahrain race is run at night and gets underway in the evening at 6 pm. After sunset, track temperatures that can fall quite rapidly once the race gets underway and this in turn affects tyre behaviour and therefore strategy.
The asphalt (with high granite content) in Bahrain is well-known for being abrasive, increasing tyre wear and degradation. Last year’s race – which featured a red flag and multiple safety car periods – was won by Mercedes-AMG driver Lewis Hamilton with a 2-stop strategy. Red Bull’s Max Verstappen, who finished second, was one of just two drivers to change tyres 4 times.
Condensed testing session
Commenting on the tyres, Mario Isola, Head of F1 and Car Racing at Pirelli, said: ”Just 4 months after having two races in Bahrain, and two weeks after 3 days of pre-season testing, we’re back there for the first race of the 2021 season. During the test, we saw many teams concentrated on the compounds nominated for the race, but the conditions we experienced in testing might not be entirely representative of the race.”
“The teams also ran a very wide variety of different programmes during just the one condensed session, whereas in the past, with two test sessions, the second session was usually more focussed on tyres. So it’s hard to draw many firm conclusions. With new specifications of cars and tyres, as well as the shortest pre-season in recent memory, the competition is wide open: especially given that the track characteristics of Bahrain have often resulted in interesting strategic battles, with a number of different tactics used,” he added.
The third 2022 18-inch tyre test of the year (the second one with slicks) will take place for 3 days in Bahrain after the race. Ferrari will run on the first day, with Alpine running on the final two days.
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